Erwägungsgrund 27

In accordance with Article 21(2) of Directive (EU) 2022/2555, the cybersecurity risk-management measures are to be based on an all-hazards approach that aims to protect network and information systems and the physical environment of those systems from events such as theft, fire, flood, telecommunication or power failures, or unauthorised physical access and damage to, and interference with, an essential or important entity’s information and information processing facilities, which could compromise the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of stored, transmitted or processed data or of the services offered by, or accessible via, network and information systems. The technical and the methodological requirements of the cybersecurity risk-management measures should therefore also address the physical and environmental security of network and information systems by including measures to protect such systems from system failures, human error, malicious acts or natural phenomena. Further examples of physical and environmental threats can include earthquakes, explosions, sabotage, insider threat, civil unrest, toxic waste, and environmental emissions. Prevention of loss, damage or compromise of network and information systems or interruption to their operations due to the failure and disruption of supporting utilities should contribute to the goal of business continuity in the relevant entities. Moreover, protection against physical and environmental threats should contribute to security in network and information systems maintenance in the relevant entities.